Fossils
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Table of fossil calibrations
| Index | Clade | Fossil | Min. age |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | subset of Polypterus | Polypterus faraou | 7 Ma |
| 2 | Crown Chondrostei | Protopsephurus luii | 120.8 Ma |
| 3 | Crown Polyodontidae | Polyodon tuberculata | 63.1 Ma |
| 4 | Crown Holostei | Watsonulus eugnathoides | 251.2 Ma |
| 5 | Crown Teleostei | Anaethalion zapporum | 151.2 Ma |
| 6 | Elopiformes | Arratiaelops vectensis | 126 Ma |
| 7 | Crown Lepisosteidae | Atractosteus falipoui | 93.9 Ma |
| 8 | Albuliformes + Anguilliformes | Baugeichthys caeruleus | 129.4 Ma |
| 9 | Total group Angullidae | Anguilla ignota | 47 Ma |
| 10 | Total group Serrivomer | Serrivomer sp. | 12.62 Ma |
| 11 | Total group Echelus | Echelus branchialis | 53.7 Ma |
| 12 | Total group Osteoglossidae | Paralycoptera wui | 107 Ma |
| 13 | Crown Osteoglossidae | Joffrichthys symmetropterus | 58.551 Ma |
| 14 | (Mormyridae + Gymnarchidae) vs Notopteridae | Palaeonotopterus greenwoodi | 93.9 Ma |
| 15 | Total group Euteleostei | Leptolepides haerteisi | 150.94 Ma |
| 16 | Crown Otomorpha | Tischlingerichthys viohli | 150.94 Ma |
| 17 | Total group Spratteloidini | Trollichthys bolcensis | 49 Ma |
| 18 | Crown Engraulidae | Eoengraulis fasoloi | 49 Ma |
| 19 | Crown Dorosoma | Dorosoma petenense | 1.8 Ma |
| 20 | Chanidae vs Kneriidae | Rubiesichthys gregalis | 126.3 Ma |
| 21 | Total group Characiformes | Characiformes indet. | 93.9 Ma |
| 22 | MRCA Sternopygus and Apteronotus | Humboldtichthys kirschbaumi | 7.246 Ma |
| 23 | subset Serrasalmidae | Megapiranha paranensis | 6 Ma |
| 24 | Total group Lignobrycon | Lignobrycon ligniticus | 24.5 Ma |
| 25 | Total group Spintherobolus | Megacheirodon unicus | 24.5 Ma |
| 26 | Total group Salminus | Salminus noriegai | 7.246 Ma |
| 27 | Crown group Callichthyidae | Corydoras revelatus | 39.5 Ma |
| 28 | Total group Loricariidae | Taubateia paraiba | 24.5 Ma |
| 29 | Total group Pangasiidae | Cetopangasius chaetobranchus | 5.333 Ma |
| 30 | Total group Ictaluridae | Astephus sp. | 59.36 Ma |
| 31 | Total group Ameiurus | Ameiurus pectinatus | 33.97 Ma |
| 32 | Total group Pylodictis | Pylodictis olivaris | 16.3 Ma |
| 33 | Crown Brachyplatystoma | Brachyplatystoma promagdlaena | 12.8 Ma |
| 34 | MRCA Chrysichthys | Chrysichthys mahengeensis | 45 Ma |
| 35 | Total group Synodontis | Synodontis sp. | 28.1 Ma |
| 36 | Crown Catostomidae | Amyzon aggregatum | 48.88 Ma |
| 37 | Total group Cyprinini | Cyprinus maomingensis | 40.14 Ma |
| 38 | Total group Cyprinus | Huashancyprinus robustispinus | 23.03 Ma |
| 39 | Total group Macropinna | Macropinna sp | 7.246 Ma |
| 40 | Total group Esocidae | Estesesox foxi | 76.4 Ma |
| 41 | Crown Esox | Esox kronneri | 51.57 Ma |
| 42 | Total group Salmoninae | Eosalmo driftwoodensis | 51.43 Ma |
| 43 | Total group Hucho | Hucho sp. | 15.4 Ma |
| 44 | Total group Oncorynchus | Oncorhynchus ('Smilodonichthys') rastrosus | 8.2 Ma |
| 45 | Oncorhynchus keta | Oncorhynchus keta | 4.8 Ma |
| 46 | Total group Stomiiformes | Paravinciguerria praecursor | 93.9 Ma |
| 47 | Total group Plecoglossidae | Speirsaenigma lindoei | 56.83 Ma |
| 48 | Cylothone plus Stigmops | Sigmops sp. | 12.62 Ma |
| 49 | Total group Sternoptychidae | Polypnoides laevis | 41.3 Ma |
| 50 | Total group Argyropelecus | Argyropelecus sp. | 32.02 Ma |
| 51 | Argyropelecus hemigymnus | Argyropelecus logearti | 12.62 Ma |
| 52 | Croan Chauliodus | Chauliodus testa | 7.246 Ma |
| 53 | Chauliodus sloani | Chauliodus sloani | 2.588 Ma |
| 54 | Stomias affinis | Stomias affinis | 5.33 Ma |
| 55 | Total group Galaxias | Galaxias effusus | 23 Ma |
| 56 | Total group Aulopiformes | Apateodus glyphodus | 103.13 Ma |
| 57 | Total group Alepisaurus | Alepisaurus 'ferox' | 15.97 Ma |
| 58 | Crown Myctophiformes | Eomyctophum koraense | 32.02 Ma |
| 59 | Total group Bolinichthys | Bolinichthys sp. | 5.33 Ma |
| 60 | Total group Polymixiiformes | Homonotichthys dorsalis | 93.6 Ma |
| 61 | Crown Percopsiformes | Massamorichthys wilsoni | 63.1 Ma |
| 62 | Amblyopsidae vs Aphredoderidae | Trichophanes foliarum | 33.07 Ma |
| 63 | Crown Zeiformes | Cretzeus rinaldii | 69.71 Ma |
| 64 | Crown Zeidae | Zenopsis clarus, Zenopsis tyleri, and Zenopsis hoernesi | 32.02 Ma |
| 65 | Crown Gadiformes | Rhinocephalus planiceps | 53.7 Ma |
| 66 | Total group Macrouridae | Nezumia lindsayi | 41.3 Ma |
| 67 | Meluccius merluccius | Merluccius cf. merluccius | 5.333 Ma |
| 68 | Total group Gaidropsarus | Gaidropsarus pilleri | 13.53 Ma |
| 69 | Gadiculus | Gadiculus cf. jonas | 5.333 Ma |
| 70 | Total group Bregmaceros | Bregmaceros filamentosus | 41.3 Ma |
| 71 | Total group Lampridformes | Aipichthys velifer | 98 Ma |
| 72 | Total group Lamprididae | Turkmene finitimus | 54.17 Ma |
| 73 | Total group Lophotidae | Eolophotes lenis | 41.3 Ma |
| 74 | Trachipteridae | Trachipterus mauritanicus | 5.333 Ma |
| 75 | Total group Holocentroidei | Stichocentrus liratus | 98 Ma |
| 76 | Crown Holocentridae | Berybolcensis leptacanthus | 49 Ma |
| 77 | Total group Trachichthyoidei | Hoplopteryx lewesensis | 93.6 Ma |
| 78 | Total group Gephyroberyx | Gephyroberyx robustus | 32.02 Ma |
| 79 | Crown Stephanoberyciformes | Miobarbourisia aomori | 9.83 Ma |
| 80 | Total group Hypsigenyini | Phyllophyarngodon longipinnis | 49 Ma |
| 81 | Total group Calotomus | Calotomus priesli | 13.53 Ma |
| 82 | Total group Tautoga | Tautoga sp. | 15 Ma |
| 83 | Crown Lophiiformes | Caruso brachysomus | 49 Ma |
| 84 | MRCA Lophioides plus Lophius | Eosladenia caucasica | 38 Ma |
| 85 | Total group Ogcocephalidae | Tarkus squirei | 49 Ma |
| 86 | Total group Antennaridae | Eophryne barbutii | 49 Ma |
| 87 | Oneiroides | Oneiroides sp. | 7.42 Ma |
| 88 | Antennarius ocellatus group | Antennarius monodi | 5.333 Ma |
| 89 | Total group Triodontidae | Ctenoplectus williamsi | 53.7 Ma |
| 90 | Total group Ostraciidae | Eolactoria sorbinii | 49 Ma |
| 91 | Crown group Ostraciidae | Oligolactoria bubiki | 30.28 Ma |
| 92 | Total group Balistoidei | Eospinus daniltshenkoi | 54.17 Ma |
| 93 | Total group Triacanthidae | Protacanthodes nimesensis | 49 Ma |
| 94 | MRCA Tydemania, Triacanthodes | Carpathospinosus propheticus | 26.93 Ma |
| 95 | Crown Balistoidei | Oligobalistes robustus | 32.02 Ma |
| 96 | Total group Tetraodontoidei | Balkaria histiopterygia | 55.8 Ma |
| 97 | Crown Molidae | Austromola angerhoferi | 21.12 Ma |
| 98 | Total group Diodontidae | Heptadiodon echinus | 49 Ma |
| 99 | MRCA Sphoeroides, Tetraodon | Archaeotetraodon winterbottomi | 32.02 Ma |
| 100 | Total group Scatophagidae | Eoscatophagus frontalis | 49 Ma |
| 101 | Total group Siganidae | Siganopygaeus rarus | 54.17 Ma |
| 102 | Total group Luvarus | Luvarus necopinatus | 54.17 Ma |
| 103 | Total group Zanclus | Eozanclus brevirostris | 49 Ma |
| 104 | Crown group Acanthuridae | Proacanthurus tenuis | 49 Ma |
| 105 | Total group Malacanthus | Malacanthus carosii | 13.53 Ma |
| 106 | Total group Lopholatilus | Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps | 13.82 Ma |
| 107 | Total group Chaetodontidae | Chaetodontidae indet. (Tholichthys larval stage) | 29.62 Ma |
| 108 | Total group Chaetodon | Chaetodon ficheuri | 5.333 Ma |
| 109 | Total group Astroscopus | Astroscopus countermani | 7.246 Ma |
| 110 | Total group Archoplites | Archoplites clarki | 15.4 Ma |
| 111 | Gasterosteus aculeatus | Gasterosteus cf. wheatlandi | 13.1 Ma |
| 112 | Total group Trichuroidea | Argestichthys vysotzkyi | 54.17 Ma |
| 113 | Crown Scombridae | Eocoelopoma portentosum | 54.17 Ma |
| 114 | Total group Champsodontidae | Eochampsodon elongatus | 38 Ma |
| 115 | Total group Macrorhamphosa | Gasterorhamphosus zuppichinii | 69.71 Ma |
| 116 | Total group Centriscidae | Gerpegezhus paviai | 55.8 Ma |
| 117 | Total group Hippocampus | Hippocampus samarticus | 49 Ma |
| 118 | Total group Gobiiformes | Carlomonnius quasigobius | 49 Ma |
| 119 | Total group Kribia | Lepidocottus aries | 23.03 Ma |
| 120 | Total group Channidae | Anchichanna kuldanensis | 41.3 Ma |
| 121 | Total group Latidae | Eolates gracilis | 49 Ma |
| 122 | Total group Menidae | Mene purdyi | 55.2 Ma |
| 123 | Total group Echeneoidei | Ductor vestenae | 49 Ma |
| 124 | Total group Echeneidae | Oligoremora rhenana | 29.62 Ma |
| 125 | Total group Scomberoidini | Scomberoides spinosus | 19.3 Ma |
| 126 | Total group Carangini | Eastmanalepes primaevus | 49 Ma |
| 127 | Total group Pleuronectiformes | Heteronectes chaneti | 49 Ma |
| 128 | Total group Sphyraenidae | Sphyraena bolcensis | 49 Ma |
| 129 | Subset Pleuronectoidei | Eobothus minimus | 49 Ma |
| 130 | Subset Pleuronectoidei | Oligopleuronectes germanicus | 29.62 Ma |
| 131 | Total group Bothidae | Oligobothus pristinus | 29.62 Ma |
| 132 | Total group Soleidae | Eubuglossus eocenicus | 41.2 Ma |
| 133 | Total group Bothus | Bothus sp. | 11.056 Ma |
| 134 | Total group Pomacentridae | Palaeopomacentrus orphae | 49 Ma |
| 135 | Crown Cichlidae | Mahengechromis spp | 45 Ma |
| 136 | Crown Geophagini | Gymnogeophagus eocenicus | 39.5 Ma |
| 137 | Total group Nandopsis haitiensis | Nandopsis woodringi | 3.6 Ma |
| 138 | Total group Exocoetidae | Ramphexocoetus volans | 49 Ma |
| 139 | Total group Valenciidae | Francolebias aymardi | 28.1 Ma |