[{"clade":"Total group Macropinna","fossil":"Macropinna sp","left":"Macropinna_microstoma","right":"Rhynchohyalus_natalensis","min":"7.246","max":"107.9621682","locality":"Kurasi Formation, Sakhalin","authority":"Nazarkin (in press)","age_authority":"Serravallian-Tortonian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Esocidae","fossil":"Estesesox foxi","left":"Esox_lucius","right":"Novumbra_hubbsi","min":"76.4","max":"139.7577578","locality":"Milk River Formation, Canada","authority":"Wilson et al. (1992)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Near et al. (2012), calibration 9"},{"clade":"Crown Esox","fossil":"Esox kronneri","left":"Esox_lucius","right":"Esox_niger","min":"51.57","max":"114.0734535","locality":"Fossil Butte Member, Green River Formation (F-2 locality), Wyoming, USA","authority":"Grande (1999)","age_authority":"Smith et al. (2008)"},{"clade":"Total group Salmoninae","fossil":"Eosalmo driftwoodensis","left":"Coregonus_nasus","right":"Salmo_salar","min":"51.43","max":"113.9565766","locality":"Wilson & Li (1999)","authority":"51.77± 0.34","age_authority":"See argumentation in Near et al. (2012), calibration 10"},{"clade":"Total group Hucho","fossil":"Hucho sp.","left":"Thymallus_thymallus","right":"Salmo_salar","min":"15.4","max":"85.95255255","locality":"Clarkia Lake Beds, Idaho, USA","authority":"Smith & Miller (1985)","age_authority":"Ladderrud et al. (2015)"},{"clade":"Total group Oncorynchus","fossil":"Oncorhynchus ('Smilodonichthys') rastrosus","left":"Oncorhynchus_mykiss","right":"Salmo_salar","min":"8.2","max":"60.97777778","locality":"Brown Creek, Idaho, USA","authority":"Smith et al. (1982)","age_authority":"Smith et al. (1982), Stearley and Smith (2016)"},{"clade":"Oncorhynchus keta","fossil":"Oncorhynchus keta","left":"Oncorhynchus_keta","right":"Oncorhynchus_gorbuscha","min":"4.8","max":"40.55255255","locality":"Chalk Hills Formation, Oregon","authority":"Smith (1992)","age_authority":"Smith (1992), Stearley and Smith (2016)"},{"clade":"Total group Stomiiformes","fossil":"Paravinciguerria praecursor","left":"Stomias_affinis","right":"Salangichthys_microdon","min":"93.9","max":"142.0104104","locality":"Monti Nebrodi and Monti Peloritani, Sicily, Italy","authority":"Carnevale & Rindoni (2011)","age_authority":"Cenomanian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Plecoglossidae","fossil":"Speirsaenigma lindoei","left":"Plecoglossus_altivelis_altivelis","right":"Salangichthys_microdon","min":"56.83","max":"118.4646847","locality":"Paskapoo Formation, Canada","authority":"Wilson & Williams (1991)","age_authority":"Magnetic polarity chron C25n encompassing Tiffanian NALMA, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Cylothone plus Stigmops","fossil":"Sigmops sp.","left":"Sigmops_bathyphilus","right":"Cyclothone_obscura","min":"12.62","max":"88.6591992","locality":"Torricella Peligna, Italy","authority":"Carenvale (2007)","age_authority":"Carnevale (2007)"},{"clade":"Total group Sternoptychidae","fossil":"Polypnoides laevis","left":"Sternoptyx_obscura","right":"Polymetme_corythaeola","min":"41.3","max":"116.3941942","locality":"Dabakhanian Formation, Georgia","authority":"Afsari et al. (2014)","age_authority":"Lutetian (Bannikov and Parin 1997), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Argyropelecus","fossil":"Argyropelecus sp.","left":"Argyropelecus_hemigymnus","right":"Maurolicus_weitzmani","min":"32.02","max":"91.37837838","locality":"Lower Khadum Horizon, Caucasus","authority":"Carnveale (2003)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Argyropelecus hemigymnus","fossil":"Argyropelecus logearti","left":"Argyropelecus_hemigymnus","right":"Argyropelecus_sladeni","min":"12.62","max":"66.09811812","locality":"Torricella Peligna, Italy","authority":"Carnevale (2003)","age_authority":"Carnevale (2007)"},{"clade":"Croan Chauliodus","fossil":"Chauliodus testa","left":"Chauliodus_macouni","right":"Chauliodus_danae","min":"7.246","max":"87.64966366","locality":"Kurasi Formation, Sakhalin","authority":"Nazarkin (2014)","age_authority":"Serravallian-Tortonian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Chauliodus sloani","fossil":"Chauliodus sloani","left":"Chauliodus_sloani","right":"Chauliodus_danae","min":"2.588","max":"59.91853854","locality":"2.588","authority":"Landini & Menesini (1978)","age_authority":"Late Pliocene, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Stomias affinis","fossil":"Stomias affinis","left":"Stomias_affinis","right":"Stomias_atriventer","min":"5.33","max":"60.59236236","locality":"Modelo Formation, California","authority":"Fink & Fink (1986)","age_authority":"Late Miocene, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Galaxias","fossil":"Galaxias effusus","left":"Galaxias_platei","right":"Galaxias_zebratus","min":"23","max":"133.8148148","locality":"Foulden Hills Diatomite, New Zealand","authority":"Lee et al. (2007)","age_authority":"Lee et al. (2007)"},{"clade":"Total group Aulopiformes","fossil":"Apateodus glyphodus","left":"Alepisaurus_ferox","right":"Scopelengys_tristis","min":"103.13","max":"159.4079179","locality":"Gault Clay Formation, UK","authority":"Goody (1969)","age_authority":"Mortiniceras inflatum Ammonite Zone (Young et al. 2010), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Alepisaurus","fossil":"Alepisaurus 'ferox'","left":"Alepisaurus_ferox","right":"Omosudis_lowii","min":"15.97","max":"132.8433333","locality":"Rosignano, Italy","authority":"D'Erasmo (1924)","age_authority":"Burdigalian (Carnevale 2007), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Crown Myctophiformes","fossil":"Eomyctophum koraense","left":"Neoscopelus_microchir","right":"Bolinichthys_longipes","min":"32.02","max":"116.4762162","locality":"Kora, North Osetia","authority":"Prokofiev (2006)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from lateral equivalent"},{"clade":"Total group Bolinichthys","fossil":"Bolinichthys sp.","left":"Lepidophanes_guentheri","right":"Bolinichthys_longipes","min":"5.33","max":"87.37335335","locality":"Modelo Formation, California, USA","authority":"Denton 2013 described the fossil, position of genus in tree determined in Denton (2015).","age_authority":"Late Miocene, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Polymixiiformes","fossil":"Homonotichthys dorsalis","left":"Polymixia_lowei","right":"Percopsis_transmontana","min":"93.6","max":"125.9267267","locality":"English Chalk Group, UK","authority":"Near etal.2012 Calibration 11.","age_authority":"See argumentation in Near et al. (2012), calibration 11"},{"clade":"Crown Percopsiformes","fossil":"Massamorichthys wilsoni","left":"Percopsis_transmontana","right":"Amblyopsis_rosae","min":"63.1","max":"94.31771772","locality":"Tullock Formation, Montana, USA","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Alfaro et al. (in revision), calibration 3"},{"clade":"Amblyopsidae vs Aphredoderidae","fossil":"Trichophanes foliarum","left":"Aphredoderus_gib","right":"Amblyopsis_rosae","min":"33.07","max":"78.36531532","locality":"Florissant, Colorado, USA","authority":"Near etal.2012 Calibration 13.","age_authority":"See argumentation in Near et al. (2012), calibration 13"},{"clade":"Crown Zeiformes","fossil":"Cretzeus rinaldii","left":"Zeus_faber","right":"Zenion_hololepis","min":"69.71","max":"108.2996196","locality":"Nardo, Italy","authority":"Tyler & Santini (2005)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 3; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown Zeidae","fossil":"Zenopsis clarus, Zenopsis tyleri, and Zenopsis hoernesi","left":"Zeus_faber","right":"Zenopsis_conchifer","min":"32.02","max":"90.18324324","locality":"Lower Khadum Horizon, Caucasus","authority":"Santini et al. (2006)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown Gadiformes","fossil":"Rhinocephalus planiceps","left":"Gadus_morhua","right":"Bregmaceros_atlanticus","min":"53.7","max":"92.87437437","locality":"London Clay Formation (B division), UK","authority":"Endo (2002)","age_authority":"NP11 based on Friedman et al. (2016), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Macrouridae","fossil":"Nezumia lindsayi","left":"Squalogadus_modificatus","right":"Mora_moro","min":"41.3","max":"77.48528529","locality":"La Meseta Formation, Unit II (Telms 3-5), Antarctica","authority":"Kriwet & Hecht (2008)","age_authority":"Lutetian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Meluccius merluccius","fossil":"Merluccius cf. merluccius","left":"Merluccius_merluccius","right":"Merluccius_senegalensis","min":"5.333","max":"43.59128829","locality":"Oran, Algeria","authority":"Carnevale (2005)","age_authority":"Messinian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Gaidropsarus","fossil":"Gaidropsarus pilleri","left":"Gaidropsarus_mediterraneus","right":"Ciliata_mustela","min":"13.53","max":"59.80444444","locality":"St. Margarethen, Austria","authority":"Carnevale & Harzhauser (2013)","age_authority":"NN5b, age estimage derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Gadiculus","fossil":"Gadiculus cf. jonas","left":"Gadiculus_argenteus","right":"Micromesistius_australis","min":"5.333","max":"43.59128829","locality":"Oran, Algeria","authority":"Carnevale (2005)","age_authority":"Messinian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Bregmaceros","fossil":"Bregmaceros filamentosus","left":"Steindachneria_argentea","right":"Bregmaceros_atlanticus","min":"41.3","max":"77.48528529","locality":"Dabakhanian Formation, Georgia","authority":"Prikryl et al. (2016)","age_authority":"Lutetian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Lampridformes","fossil":"Aipichthys velifer","left":"Ostichthys_japonicus","right":"Velifer_hypselopterus","min":"98","max":"142.8648649","locality":"Sannine Limestone, Lebanon","authority":"Davesne et al. (2014)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 1"},{"clade":"Total group Lamprididae","fossil":"Turkmene finitimus","left":"Lampris_guttatus","right":"Velifer_hypselopterus","min":"54.17","max":"119.2536737","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Danil'chenko (1968), Bannikov (1999)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), 'Total-group Carangiformes'; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Lophotidae","fossil":"Eolophotes lenis","left":"Lophotus_lacepede","right":"Trachipterus_arcticus","min":"41.3","max":"96.16156156","locality":"Dabakhanian Formation, Georgia","authority":"Danil'chenko (1962, 1980)","age_authority":"Lutetian (Bannikov and Parin 1997), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Trachipteridae","fossil":"Trachipterus mauritanicus","left":"Trachipterus_arcticus","right":"Regalecus_glesne","min":"5.333","max":"70.37209009","locality":"Oran, Algeria","authority":"Carnevale (2004)","age_authority":"Messinian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Holocentroidei","fossil":"Stichocentrus liratus","left":"Holocentrus_rufus","right":"Aulotrachichthys_prosthemius","min":"98","max":"126.9129129","locality":"Sannine Limestone, Lebanaon","authority":"Patterson (1967)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington (2016), calibration 2"},{"clade":"Crown Holocentridae","fossil":"Berybolcensis leptacanthus","left":"Ostichthys_japonicus","right":"Sargocentron_cornutum","min":"49","max":"106.5885886","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Trachichthyoidei","fossil":"Hoplopteryx lewesensis","left":"Monocentris_japonica","right":"Rondeletia_bicolor","min":"93.6","max":"114.1409409","locality":"English Chalk Group, UK","authority":"Patterson (1963, 1993)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Near et al. (2012), calibration 17"},{"clade":"Total group Gephyroberyx","fossil":"Gephyroberyx robustus","left":"Gephyroberyx_darwinii","right":"Hoplostethus_gigas","min":"32.02","max":"97.35405405","locality":"Lower Khadum Horizon, Caucasus","authority":"Near et al. (2012)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown Stephanoberyciformes","fossil":"Miobarbourisia aomori","left":"Acanthochaenus_luetkenii","right":"Rondeletia_bicolor","min":"9.83","max":"96.05107107","locality":"Wadagawa Formation","authority":"Fuji et al. (2007)","age_authority":"N15 (Aoyagi and Omokawa 1993), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Hypsigenyini","fossil":"Phyllophyarngodon longipinnis","left":"Lachnolaimus_maximus","right":"Pteragogus_cryptus","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Alfaro et al. (in revision), additional taxon 5"},{"clade":"Total group Calotomus","fossil":"Calotomus priesli","left":"Calotomus_spinidens","right":"Cryptotomus_roseus","min":"13.53","max":"48.13161161","locality":"St Margarethen, Austria","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Alfaro et al. (in revision), calibration 12"},{"clade":"Total group Tautoga","fossil":"Tautoga sp.","left":"Tautoga_onitis","right":"Acantholabrus_palloni","min":"15","max":"62.77277277","locality":"Calvert Formation, Maryland, USA","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Alfaro et al. (in revision), additional taxon 6"},{"clade":"Crown Lophiiformes","fossil":"Caruso brachysomus","left":"Lophiodes_reticulatus","right":"Antennarius_striatus","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Carnevale & Pietsch (2012)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"MRCA Lophioides plus Lophius","fossil":"Eosladenia caucasica","left":"Lophiodes_reticulatus","right":"Lophius_piscatorius","min":"38","max":"66.25225225","locality":"Gomyi Luch, Russia","authority":"Bannikov (2004), Carnevale & Pietsch (2012)","age_authority":"Bartonian (Bannikov and Parin 1997), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Ogcocephalidae","fossil":"Tarkus squirei","left":"Ogcocephalus_parvus","right":"Chaunax_pictus","min":"49","max":"68.45045045","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Carnevale & Pietsch (2010)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Antennaridae","fossil":"Eophryne barbutii","left":"Antennarius_indicus","right":"Chaunax_pictus","min":"49","max":"60.82282282","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Carnevale & Pietsch (2009)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Oneiroides","fossil":"Oneiroides sp.","left":"Oneirodes_macrosteus","right":"Lophodolos_indicus","min":"7.42","max":"50.56630631","locality":"Puente Formation (Yorba Member), California, USA","authority":"NA","age_authority":"CN9A, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Antennarius ocellatus group","fossil":"Antennarius monodi","left":"Antennarius_indicus","right":"Antennarius_striatus","min":"5.333","max":"49.96766967","locality":"Oran, Algeria","authority":"Carnevale & Pietsch (2006)","age_authority":"Messinian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Triodontidae","fossil":"Ctenoplectus williamsi","left":"Triodon_macropterus","right":"Aracana_aurita","min":"53.7","max":"80.82072072","locality":"London Clay Formation (B division), UK","authority":"Close et al. (in press)","age_authority":"NP11 based on Friedman et al. (2016), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Ostraciidae","fossil":"Eolactoria sorbinii","left":"Ostracion_cubicus","right":"Kentrocapros_rosapinto","min":"49","max":"69.59459459","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown group Ostraciidae","fossil":"Oligolactoria bubiki","left":"Acanthostracion_quadricornis","right":"Ostracion_cubicus","min":"30.28","max":"57.88828829","locality":"Menilitic Formation, Czech Republic","authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016), Tyler & Gregorova (1991)","age_authority":"IPM 3 (correlated with P19; Tyler and Gregorova 1991), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Balistoidei","fossil":"Eospinus daniltshenkoi","left":"Balistes_vetula","right":"Triacanthodes_ethiops","min":"54.17","max":"81.25684685","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Arcila et al. (2015)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Triacanthidae","fossil":"Protacanthodes nimesensis","left":"Parahollardia_lineata","right":"Triacanthus_biaculeatus","min":"49","max":"69.59459459","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Arcila et al. (2015)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"MRCA Tydemania, Triacanthodes","fossil":"Carpathospinosus propheticus","left":"Tydemania_navigatoris","right":"Triacanthodes_ethiops","min":"26.93","max":"57.59398398","locality":"Przysietnica, Poland","authority":"Arcila et al. (2015)","age_authority":"IPM 4 (correlated with P21a; Tyler et al. 1993), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Crown Balistoidei","fossil":"Oligobalistes robustus","left":"Balistes_vetula","right":"Monacanthus_tuckeri","min":"32.02","max":"66.67891892","locality":"Lower Khadum Horizon, Caucasus","authority":"Arcila et al. (2015)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Tetraodontoidei","fossil":"Balkaria histiopterygia","left":"Mola_mola","right":"Diodon_hystrix","min":"55.8","max":"94.38118118","locality":"Kehu River, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic","authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016)","age_authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016)"},{"clade":"Crown Molidae","fossil":"Austromola angerhoferi","left":"Mola_mola","right":"Ranzania_laevis","min":"21.12","max":"75.55547548","locality":"Ebelsberg Formation, Austria","authority":"Gregorova et al. (2009)","age_authority":"M1, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Diodontidae","fossil":"Heptadiodon echinus","left":"Diodon_hystrix","right":"Tetraodon_cutcutia","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"MRCA Sphoeroides, Tetraodon","fossil":"Archaeotetraodon winterbottomi","left":"Tetraodon_cutcutia","right":"Sphoeroides_tyleri","min":"32.02","max":"65.48378378","locality":"Lower Khadum Horizon, Caucasus","authority":"Bannikov et al. (2016)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 40; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Scatophagidae","fossil":"Eoscatophagus frontalis","left":"Scatophagus_argus","right":"Pristigenys_alta","min":"49","max":"62.72972973","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Tyler (1999)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Siganidae","fossil":"Siganopygaeus rarus","left":"Siganus_argenteus","right":"Capros_aper","min":"54.17","max":"70.72307307","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Tyler & Bannikov (1997), Banikov et al. (2010)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Luvarus","fossil":"Luvarus necopinatus","left":"Zanclus_cornutus","right":"Luvarus_imperialis","min":"54.17","max":"81.25684685","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), 'Total-group Carangiformes'; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Zanclus","fossil":"Eozanclus brevirostris","left":"Zanclus_cornutus","right":"Naso_thynnoides","min":"49","max":"69.59459459","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"?","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown group Acanthuridae","fossil":"Proacanthurus tenuis","left":"Naso_thynnoides","right":"Prionurus_microlepidotus","min":"49","max":"61.58558559","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Near et al. (2012)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Malacanthus","fossil":"Malacanthus carosii","left":"Malacanthus_brevirostris","right":"Hoplolatilus_chlupatyi","min":"13.53","max":"39.37698699","locality":"St. Margarethen, Austria","authority":"Carnevale (2016)","age_authority":"NN5b, age estimage derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Lopholatilus","fossil":"Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps","left":"Lopholatilus_villarii","right":"Hoplolatilus_marcosi","min":"13.82","max":"51.73029029","locality":"Calvert Formation, USA","authority":"Carnvelae & Godfrey (2014)","age_authority":"Langhian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Chaetodontidae","fossil":"Chaetodontidae indet. (Tholichthys larval stage)","left":"Chaetodon_robustus","right":"Leiognathus_longispinis","min":"29.62","max":"66.09105105","locality":", Germany","authority":"Micklich et al. (2009)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 6; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Chaetodon","fossil":"Chaetodon ficheuri","left":"Chaetodon_robustus","right":"Prognathodes_aya","min":"5.333","max":"50.81785385","locality":"Oran, Algeria","authority":"Carnevale (2006)","age_authority":"Messinian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Astroscopus","fossil":"Astroscopus countermani","left":"Astroscopus_y_graecum","right":"Uranoscopus_sulphureus","min":"7.246","max":"38.13793393","locality":"St. Mary's Formation, USA","authority":"Carnevale et al. (2011)","age_authority":"Tortonian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Archoplites","fossil":"Archoplites clarki","left":"Archoplites_interruptus","right":"Pomoxis_annularis","min":"15.4","max":"52.33633634","locality":"Clarkia Lake Beds, Idaho, USA","authority":"Smith & Miller (1985)","age_authority":"Ladderud et al. (2015)"},{"clade":"Gasterosteus aculeatus","fossil":"Gasterosteus cf. wheatlandi","left":"Gasterosteus_aculeatus","right":"Gasterosteus_wheatlandi","min":"13.1","max":"39.39099099","locality":"Monterey Formation (Alta Mira Shale), California, USA","authority":"Benton et al. (2015)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 39"},{"clade":"Total group Trichuroidea","fossil":"Argestichthys vysotzkyi","left":"Ruvettus_pretiosus","right":"Xenobrama_microlepis","min":"54.17","max":"94.42406406","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Prokofiev (2002)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), 'Total-group Carangiformes'; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown Scombridae","fossil":"Eocoelopoma portentosum","left":"Scomber_scombrus","right":"Allothunnus_fallai","min":"54.17","max":"80.88064064","locality":"Danatinsk Formation, Turkmenistan","authority":"Alfaro et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Alfaro et al. (in revision), calibration 5"},{"clade":"Total group Champsodontidae","fossil":"Eochampsodon elongatus","left":"Champsodon_snyderi","right":"Mullus_auratus","min":"38","max":"92.15015015","locality":"Gomyi Luch, Russia","authority":"Bannikov (2004)","age_authority":"Bartonian (Bannikov and Parin 1997), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Macrorhamphosa","fossil":"Gasterorhamphosus zuppichinii","left":"Aeoliscus_strigatus","right":"Aulostomus_chinensis","min":"69.71","max":"109.3815716","locality":"Nardo, Italy","authority":"?","age_authority":"Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 3"},{"clade":"Total group Centriscidae","fossil":"Gerpegezhus paviai","left":"Aeoliscus_strigatus","right":"Macroramphosus_gracilis","min":"55.8","max":"94.38118118","locality":"Kehu River, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic","authority":"Bannikov & Carnevale (2012)","age_authority":"Bannikov and Carnevale (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Hippocampus","fossil":"Hippocampus samarticus","left":"Idiotropiscis_lumnitzeri","right":"Hippocampus_bargibanti","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Coprolitic Horizon, Slovenia","authority":"Žalohar et al. 2009","age_authority":"Žalohar et al. (2009)"},{"clade":"Total group Gobiiformes","fossil":"Carlomonnius quasigobius","left":"Trichonotus_elegans","right":"Protogobius_attiti","min":"49","max":"93.62162162","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Bannikov & Carnevale (2016)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Kribia","fossil":"Lepidocottus aries","left":"Kribia_nana","right":"Bostrychus_sinensis","min":"23.03","max":"74.76692693","locality":"Aix-en-Provance Formation, France","authority":"Gierl et al. (2013)","age_authority":"Late Oligocene (Gierl et al. 2013), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Channidae","fossil":"Anchichanna kuldanensis","left":"Channa_diplogramma","right":"Helostoma_temminkii","min":"41.3","max":"78.65255255","locality":"Kuldana Formation, Pakistan","authority":"Murray & Thewissen (2008)","age_authority":"Lutetian, age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"},{"clade":"Total group Latidae","fossil":"Eolates gracilis","left":"Lates_niloticus","right":"Toxotes_jaculatrix","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Otero (2004)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Total group Menidae","fossil":"Mene purdyi","left":"Mene_maculata","right":"Xiphias_gladius","min":"55.2","max":"94.59339339","locality":"Lagunitos, Peru","authority":"Friedman & Johnson (2006)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 5"},{"clade":"Total group Echeneoidei","fossil":"Ductor vestenae","left":"Remora_osteochir","right":"Lichia_amia","min":"49","max":"68.45045045","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 7"},{"clade":"Total group Echeneidae","fossil":"Oligoremora rhenana","left":"Remora_osteochir","right":"Rachycentron_canadum","min":"29.62","max":"56.87309309","locality":"Grube Unterfeld, Germany","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 6"},{"clade":"Total group Scomberoidini","fossil":"Scomberoides spinosus","left":"Scomberoides_tol","right":"Oligoplites_altus","min":"19.3","max":"55.47777778","locality":"Upper Maikop, Caucasus","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 8"},{"clade":"Total group Carangini","fossil":"Eastmanalepes primaevus","left":"Seriola_zonata","right":"Selene_vomer","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 9"},{"clade":"Total group Pleuronectiformes","fossil":"Heteronectes chaneti","left":"Psettodes_erumei","right":"Lactarius_lactarius","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 10"},{"clade":"Total group Sphyraenidae","fossil":"Sphyraena bolcensis","left":"Sphyraena_flavicauda","right":"Lactarius_lactarius","min":"49","max":"68.45045045","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Subset Pleuronectoidei","fossil":"Eobothus minimus","left":"Citharoides_macrolepis","right":"Bothus_pantherinus","min":"49","max":"68.45045045","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 11"},{"clade":"Subset Pleuronectoidei","fossil":"Oligopleuronectes germanicus","left":"Paralichthys_albigutta","right":"Hypsopsetta_guttulata","min":"29.62","max":"50.05981982","locality":"Grube Unterfeld, Germany","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 14"},{"clade":"Total group Bothidae","fossil":"Oligobothus pristinus","left":"Arnoglossus_tenuis","right":"Cyclopsetta_panamensis","min":"29.62","max":"50.05981982","locality":"Piatra Neamt, Romania","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 15"},{"clade":"Total group Soleidae","fossil":"Eubuglossus eocenicus","left":"Aseraggodes_heemstrai","right":"Samariscus_xenicus","min":"41.2","max":"59.1027027","locality":"Djebel Turah, Egypt","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 12"},{"clade":"Total group Bothus","fossil":"Bothus sp.","left":"Bothus_podas","right":"Trichopsetta_ventralis","min":"11.056","max":"41.25016216","locality":"Tsurevsky Formation, Caucasus","authority":"Harrington et al. (in prep)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 16"},{"clade":"Total group Pomacentridae","fossil":"Palaeopomacentrus orphae","left":"Pomacentrus_bankanensis","right":"Hyperprosopon_anale","min":"49","max":"68.45045045","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Bellwood & Sorbini (1996)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Harrington et al. (2016), calibration 4; specimen derives from same geological unit"},{"clade":"Crown Cichlidae","fossil":"Mahengechromis spp","left":"Astronotus_ocellatus","right":"Hemichromis_elongatus","min":"45","max":"67.73773774","locality":"Mahenge, Tanzania","authority":"Murray (2001a, b, c)","age_authority":"Harrison et al. (2001)"},{"clade":"Crown Geophagini","fossil":"Gymnogeophagus eocenicus","left":"Satanoperca_daemon","right":"Geophagus_proximus","min":"39.5","max":"57.87187187","locality":"Lumbrera Formation (Faja Verde), Argentia","authority":"McMahan et al. (2013)","age_authority":"Minimum age constrained by zircon dating of overlying Faja Verde (del Papa et al. 2010)"},{"clade":"Total group Nandopsis haitiensis","fossil":"Nandopsis woodringi","left":"Nandopsis_haitiensis","right":"Nandopsis_ramsdeni","min":"3.6","max":"45.85585586","locality":"?Las Cahobas Formation, Haiti","authority":"Supplment to cichlid response","age_authority":"Graham (1990)"},{"clade":"Total group Exocoetidae","fossil":"Ramphexocoetus volans","left":"Euleptorhamphus_viridis","right":"Parexocoetus_mento","min":"49","max":"79.89189189","locality":"Bolca, Italy","authority":"Benton et al. (2015)","age_authority":"See argumentation in Benton et al. (2015), calibration 36"},{"clade":"Total group Valenciidae","fossil":"Francolebias aymardi","left":"Valencia_hispanica","right":"Aphanius_mento","min":"28.1","max":"64.70950951","locality":"Rozon, France","authority":"Costa (2012)","age_authority":"Early Oligocene (Costa 2012), age estimate derived from Gradstein et al. (2012)"}]